论高职院校职业指导的特点及作用

本文通过对高职院校职业指导的内容的阐述,说明职业指导在高职院校中具有重要性、前瞻性、指导性、理论性等特点,进一步指出职业指导对高职院校的改革与发展具有杠杆和导向作用.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

On the Portfolio Properties of Real Estate in Good Times and Bad Times1

Motivated by the theoretical results on strategic asset allocation, we examine the gains in portfolio performance when investors diversify into different asset classes, with particular focus on the timeliness of such gains. Although the various asset classes we analyze yield significant gains in portfolio performance, even in the presence of short‐sales constraints, the timeliness of the gains differs considerably across the asset classes. Our key result is that real estate and commodities and precious metals are the two asset classes that deliver portfolio gains when consumption growth is low and/or volatile, that is, when investors really care for such benefits. Our analysis highlights an important metric by which to judge the attractiveness of an asset class in a portfolio context, namely the timeliness of the gains in portfolio performance. Further, our results on the performance of real estate in both good times and bad times suggest that the typical institutional allocation to real estate may underweight the role of the asset class in a diversified portfolio context.     

The Year in Economics at the FCC: A National Plan for Broadband

The past year in economics at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has focused on encouraging the adoption and deployment of high capacity Internet access and the associated networks, commonly termed “broadband.” Our article sketches important economic themes in the FCC’s National Broadband Plan to show how the application of basic principles of regulatory economics takes account of rapid technological change. We discuss natural monopoly regulation, externalities and cross-subsidies, network effects and interconnection, the allocation of scarce inputs, protecting and fostering competitive markets, and consumer protection and transparency as they apply to the development of broadband.     

REIT Stock Price Volatility and the Effects of Leverage

This article sheds light on several puzzling empirical observations. We examine the volatility implications of equity Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) stock returns over the sample period from January 1985 through October 2012. We find a negative “leverage effect” in the pre‐ and post‐Greenspan era, but not during the Greenspan era (circa 1994–2006). We argue that the positive elasticity of variance with respect to the value of equity during the Greenspan era can be explained by a decline in the spread between the yield on commercial mortgages and 10‐year Treasuries, which triggered a wealth transfer from REIT equity holders to REIT debt holders. We also argue that the declining commercial‐mortgage‐10‐year‐Treasury yield spread during the Greenspan era allowed REITs to take on far more risk than most people realized. We then document that average REIT stock return volatility increased significantly in the 2007–2010 period in the midst of a historic decline in REIT stock prices. The results have significant implications for the good deal of interest and debate in the media over the status of REITs and whether equity REITs have become excessively risky relative to the returns they generate.     

Balanced‐budget rule,distortionary taxes and aggregate stability

It has been established under perfect competition and constant returns‐to‐scale that a one‐sector growth model may exhibit multiple stationary equilibria and local indeterminacy when income tax rates are endogenously determined by a balanced‐budget rule while government expenditures are fixed. The present paper shows that determinacy of the equilibrium trajectory is, however, generically preserved for a non‐empty range of initial values of the capital stock.     

Human resource management and innovation in the Canary Islands: an ultra-peripheral region of the European Union

This study attempts to answer the question about how firms in an ultra-peripheral region innovate to compete in a global market when they often seem not to have the basic conditions to innovate identified in the literature. On that line, and based on the notion that firms in ultra-peripheral regions must recognise the value of their human capital in order to overcome the limitations typical of their social and geographical context, this research aimed to analyse the relationship between the human resource (HR) policy and innovation in an ultra-peripheral region of the European Union, namely the Canary Islands. The objective of this study is to identify the HR-related internal factors that can affect the innovation capability of firms. In particular, this paper considers the HR management policy, the formalisation of that policy in an HR plan, and job stability. To achieve this goal, an empirical study of 157 Canarian firms was carried out and arrived at the conclusion that high commitment human resource management (HRM) has a positive influence on organisational innovation in processes. The results also show that the formalisation of the HR policy in a plan, and job stability also increases innovation in processes.     

生产要素国际流动与国内收入差距——基于85个国家的实证研究

在运用主成分分析法构建要素流动指数的基础上,文章利用85个国家的跨国数据,对生产要素国际流动与国内收入差距的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:对所有国家整体,要素流动与基尼系数存在显著的正相关关系,经济发展水平和技术创新也是缩小收入差距的重要因素;对于发达国家而言,要素流动水平的提高显著扩大了收入差距,高技术劳动力供给状况和技术创新水平是影响收入分配的主要因素;对包括中国在内的发展中国家来说,回归方程整体解释力很低且线性关系不显著,这表明包括要素流动在内的所有因素不是引起发展中国家收入差距扩大的主要原因。     

Inverse-probability-weighted logrank test for stratified survival data with missing measurements

The stratified logrank test can be used to compare survival distributions of several groups of patients, while adjusting for the effect of some discrete variable that may be predictive of the survival outcome. In practice, it can happen that this discrete variable is missing for some patients. An inverse-probability-weighted version of the stratified logrank statistic is introduced to tackle this issue. Its asymptotic distribution is derived under the null hypothesis of equality of the survival distributions. A simulation study is conducted to assess behavior of the proposed test statistic in finite samples. An analysis of a medical dataset illustrates the methodology.     

基于系统论的企业创新路线图研究--以广东某企业为例

利用技术路线图,帮助企业建立以技术为核心的系统创新,已成为我国实施技术创新工程以来需要思考的重要问题。将技术路线图和企业创新战略结合起来,从系统论角度研究企业创新路线图,对于提升企业竞争力具有重大意义。从思想路线、市场路线、产品路线、技术路线和组织路线五大要素出发,系统归纳了企业创新路线图,结合广东省某企业的创新路线图制定过程进行案例分析,以期为更多企业进行技术创新提供参考。